A distribution panel, also known as a distribution cabinet, is a device that concentrates, switches, and distributes electrical energy. The switchboard is generally composed of cabinet, switch (circuit breaker), protection device, monitoring device, electric energy meter and other anime devices. According to the current, it can be divided into AC and DC distribution panels. According to voltage, it can be divided into lighting distribution panel and power distribution panel, or high voltage distribution panel and low voltage distribution panel.
The manufacturing process of electrical distribution panels involves several steps, from design to final assembly. Key stages include:
Design and Engineering: The first step in manufacturing an electrical distribution panel is the design process. This involves selecting appropriate components based on the application, such as voltage rating, amperage, and safety features. Engineers ensure compliance with national and international standards like IEC, ANSI, and UL.
Fabrication of the Enclosure: The panel’s enclosure is fabricated from metal sheets, typically mild steel or stainless steel, which are cut, bent, and welded to form the body of the panel. In some cases, fiberglass or plastic enclosures are used for specific applications. The enclosure is then coated with a protective finish, such as powder coating or galvanizing, to prevent corrosion.
Busbar Fabrication: Busbars, the key components for power distribution within the panel, are fabricated by cutting and shaping copper or aluminum into the required size. They are then cleaned, tested for conductivity, and insulated as necessary.
Assembly of Internal Components: Internal components, such as circuit breakers, relays, meters, and busbars, are installed into the enclosure. The electrical connections are made using high-quality wires and connectors. The panel’s control and protection mechanisms are integrated at this stage.
Main Distribution Panel (MDP): The main distribution board is the core of the entire power distribution system, typically located at the center of a building or facility. It connects to the power source introduced from the power company and is responsible for distributing electricity to various sub distribution boards or circuits. The main distribution board is usually equipped with a main circuit breaker to cut off the power supply of the entire system. It is suitable for large and medium-sized commercial buildings, industrial plants, and other places.
Sub Distribution Panel (SDP): Sub distribution boards are generally used to further distribute electricity to different areas or functional zones. These panels are usually installed near the load, which can improve the flexibility of power distribution. They are connected to the main distribution board and responsible for providing power to local areas. Sub distribution boards are widely used in residential, office, and commercial facilities.
Switchboard: Switchboard is mainly used to handle large currents and is commonly found in facilities with high current demands, such as large industrial plants or power stations. They not only have power distribution functions, but also can integrate other electrical control functions such as motor control, equipment monitoring, etc. Switchboard is usually large and structurally complex, suitable for places with heavy electrical loads.
Breaker Panel: Circuit breaker panels are commonly used in power distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings. It contains a set of circuit breakers to protect various circuits from damage caused by short circuits and overloads. Each circuit breaker is an independent switch used to control the on/off of individual circuits. Circuit breaker panels are usually smaller in size, simpler in structure, and more cost-effective than switch distribution boards.
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